The Human Respiratory System
on Nov 7, 2009 in Uncategorized AP Biology A. Anatomy of the Human Respiratory System The human respiratory system is typical of all mammals. 1. Air Flow The air first passes through the nasal passages, important for filtering, warming, and moistening the air before it enters the lungs. The n...

AP Biology – Introduction to Lungs
on Nov 6, 2009 in Uncategorized AP Biology A. Lungs: Adaptations for Terrestrial Vertebrates Lungs are folded within the body and are restricted to one location. Since they are centrally located, a circulatory system must carry oxygen to all cells. Lungs contain a dense net of capillaries. Lu...

AP Biology – Trachea for Insects
on Nov 5, 2009 in Uncategorized AP Biology Trachea: Insects Air is a different medium than water. There is an increase in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration, and oxygen diffuses much quicker than in water. The respiratory surface, which must be large and moist, always loses water through...

AP Biology – Respiration (Introduction)
on Nov 4, 2009 in Uncategorized AP Biology V. Respirtation A. Introduction Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between an animal and the environment. 1. Animals a. require a continuos supple of oxygen for aerobic respiration b. must expel carbon dioxide c. must have a wet respiratory surfac...

Gills
on Nov 4, 2009 in Uncategorized AP Biology A. Gills Other organisms use a localized region of the body that is golded or branched, which enlarges the area of the respiratory surface for gas exchange. The expanded respiratory surface for aquatic animals, external and bathed, are gills. A dette...

Energy Content of fat, protein, and carbohydrates
on Nov 3, 2009 in Uncategorized AP Biology I. Food as Fuel The energy content of food is measured in calories The energy content of: Fat=9 kcal/ 1 gram Protein= 4 kcal/1 gram Carbohydrates= 4 kcal/1 gram Several processes must occur continually in higher anmals alive, for example, breathin...

AP Biology – Nutrition
on Nov 2, 2009 in Uncategorized AP Biology Nutrition 1. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the most common source of energy used in cellular respiration. Blood glucose must remain constant. Glucose is stored in the muscles as glycogen and used for energy. If not used, carbohydrates are stored as...

AP Biology – Chemistry of Digestion
on Nov 1, 2009 in Uncategorized AP Biology E.Digestion in Herbivores: Ruminants These organisms must digest cellulose. However, mammals don’t produce the necessary enzymes. In order to digest the cellulose, mammals must have large flat teeth for grinding cellulose. Cellulose must be broken...

AP Biology – Intestines
on Oct 31, 2009 in Uncategorized AP Biology 1. Small Intestine Food in liquid form enters the small intestine. The small intestine is about 20 feet long and is broken up into three regions, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It is lined with mucin and adapted for absorption of food through a highly...

AP Biology – Digestive System
on Oct 30, 2009 in Uncategorized AP Biology Digestion is the breakdown of complex food molecules into smaller components that are used by the organism. This may occur outside of the organism as in bacteria and fungi, or the organism may have extracellular digestion. Most organisms take food in...